Kusan kowane babba ya sami ciwon baya a lokacin rayuwarsu. Wannan matsala ce ta gama-gari, wacce za ta iya dogara ne akan dalilai daban-daban, waɗanda za mu bincika a cikin wannan labarin.
Dalilan ciwon baya
Dukkan abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon baya za a iya raba su zuwa kungiyoyi:
Musculoskeletal:
- Osteochondrosis;
- diski herniation;
- matsa lamba radiculopathy;
- Spondylolisthesis;
Mai kumburi, gami da masu kamuwa da cuta:
- Osteomyelitis
- Cutar tarin fuka
neurological;
Raunin;
Endocrinological;
Jijiyoyin jini;
Tumor
A ziyarar farko zuwa likita tare da ciwon baya, ƙwararren ya kamata ya ƙayyade dalilin da nau'in ciwo, yana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga "tutocin ja" - yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka masu haɗari. "Red Tutoci" yana nufin saitin takamaiman gunaguni da bayanan anamnesis waɗanda ke buƙatar zurfafa bincike na majiyyaci.
- shekarun mai haƙuri a lokacin fara jin zafi: ƙasa da 20 ko fiye da 50;
- mummunan rauni na kashin baya a baya;
- bayyanar zafi a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon daji, kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV ko wasu cututtuka na yau da kullum (cututtuka, syphilis, cutar lyme, da sauransu);
- zazzaɓi;
- asarar nauyi, asarar ci;
- sabon wuri na ciwo;
- ya karu da zafi a cikin matsayi na kwance (musamman da dare), a cikin matsayi na tsaye - raunana;
- babu wani ci gaba na wata 1 ko fiye;
- tabarbarewar gabobin pelvic, ciki har da urination da rashin lafiya, rashin jin daɗi na perineum, rauni mai ma'ana na ƙananan extremities;
- shaye-shaye;
- amfani da magungunan narcotic, musamman a cikin jini;
- jiyya tare da corticosteroids da / ko cytostatics;
- tare da ciwo a wuyansa, yanayin bugun jini na zafi.
Kasancewar daya ko fiye da alamun a cikin kanta ba yana nufin kasancewar ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari ba, amma yana buƙatar kulawar likita da ganewar asali.
An raba ciwon baya zuwa nau'i masu zuwa ta tsawon lokaci:
m - jin zafi da ke ƙasa da makonni 4;subacute - jin zafi daga makonni 4 zuwa 12;na kullum - jin zafi na tsawon makonni 12 ko fiye;sake dawowa zafi - sake dawowa da ciwo idan bai faru ba a cikin watanni 6 na ƙarshe ko fiye;exacerbation na kullum zafi Maimaita ciwon kasa da watanni 6 bayan aukuwar da ta gabata.
Cututtuka
Bari mu yi magana game da mafi yawan na kowa, musculoskeletal abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon baya.
Osteochondrosis
Wannan cuta ce ta kashin baya, wanda ya dogara ne akan lalacewa na fayafai na kashin baya kuma, daga baya, kashin baya da kansu.
Shin osteochondrosis shine pseudodiagnosis? - Ba. Wannan ganewar asali yana samuwa a cikin Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Cututtuka na ICD-10. A halin yanzu, likitoci sun kasu kashi biyu: wasu sun gaskata cewa irin wannan ganewar asali ba daidai ba ne, wasu, akasin haka, sau da yawa gano osteochondrosis. Wannan yanayin ya taso ne saboda gaskiyar cewa likitocin kasashen waje sun fahimci osteochondrosis a matsayin cuta na kashin baya a cikin yara da matasa da ke hade da girma. Duk da haka, wannan kalma tana nufin musamman ga cututtukan cututtuka na kashin baya a cikin mutane na kowane zamani. Har ila yau, sau da yawa kafa cututtuka sune dorsopathy da dorsalgia.
- Dorsopathy shine ilimin cututtuka na kashin baya;
- Dorsalgia ciwo ne mara kyau mara ƙayyadaddun baya wanda ke yaduwa daga ƙananan kashin mahaifa zuwa sacrum, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga wasu gabobin.
Kashin baya yana da sassa da yawa: mahaifa, thoracic, lumbar, sacral da coccygeal. Ciwo na iya faruwa a kowane ɗayan waɗannan wuraren, wanda aka siffanta ta da waɗannan sharuɗɗan likita:
- Cervicalgia ciwo ne a cikin kashin mahaifa. Fayilolin intervertebral na yankin mahaifa suna da siffofi na jiki (intervertebral fayafai ba a cikin sashe na sama, kuma a wasu sassan suna da raunin da ya bayyana tsakiya mai rauni tare da koma baya, a matsakaita, ta shekaru 30), wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da damuwa. da rauni, wanda ke haifar da ƙaddamarwa ligaments da farkon ci gaban canje-canje na degenerative;
- Thoracalgia - ciwo a cikin kashin baya na thoracic;
- Lumbodynia - zafi a cikin lumbar kashin baya (ƙananan baya);
- Lumboischialgia ciwo ne a cikin ƙananan baya wanda ke haskakawa zuwa kafa.
- aiki mai nauyi na jiki, ɗagawa da motsi masu nauyi;
- ƙananan aiki na jiki;
- aiki mai tsawo;
- dogon zama a cikin wani wuri mara dadi;
- dogon aiki a kwamfutar tare da wurin saka idanu mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da kaya a wuyansa;
- cin zarafi na matsayi;
- siffofi na tsarin haihuwa da kuma rashin daidaituwa na ginshiƙan kashin baya;
- rauni na tsokoki na baya;
- babban girma;
- wuce haddi nauyi na jiki;
- cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa na kafafu (gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis, da dai sauransu), lebur ƙafa, ƙwallon ƙafa, da dai sauransu;
- lalacewa na halitta tare da shekaru;
- shan taba.
Alamomi:
- cin zarafi na kewayon motsi;
- jin taurin kai;
- tsoka tashin hankali;
- haskakawa na zafi zuwa wasu wurare: hannu, kafada, kafafu, makwancin gwaiwa, dubura, da dai sauransu.
- "harbe" na zafi;
- rashin jin daɗi;
- rarrafe abin mamaki;
- raunin tsoka;
- cututtuka na pelvic.
Ƙwararren ƙwayar cuta ya dogara da matakin da aka gano hernia.
Hotunan diski sau da yawa suna warware kansu a cikin makonni 4-8 akan matsakaici.
Matsawa radiculopathy
Ciwon radicular (radicular) ciwo ne mai rikitarwa na bayyanar da ke faruwa saboda matsawar tushen kashin baya a wuraren da suka tashi daga kashin baya.
Alamun sun dogara ne akan matakin da matsi na kashin baya ke faruwa. Abubuwan da za a iya gani:
- zafi a cikin iyakar yanayin harbi tare da haskakawa zuwa yatsunsu, ya tsananta ta hanyar motsi ko tari;
- tausasawa ko jin kudaje na rarrafe a wani yanki (dermatomes);
- raunin tsoka;
- spasm na baya tsokoki;
- cin zarafin ƙarfin reflexes;
- tabbatacce bayyanar cututtuka na tashin hankali (bayyanar zafi tare da m flexion na wata gabar jiki)
- iyakancewar motsi na kashin baya.
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis shine ƙaura daga ƙashin baya na sama dangane da ƙananan.
Wannan yanayin zai iya faruwa a cikin yara da manya. Mata sun fi shafa.
Spondylolisthesis na iya haifar da babu alamun cutar tare da ƙaura kaɗan kuma yana iya zama binciken x-ray na kwatsam.
Alamu masu yiwuwa:
- jin rashin jin daɗi
- zafi a baya da kuma a cikin ƙananan sassan bayan aikin jiki,
- rauni a cikin kafafu
- radicular ciwo,
- rage zafi da tactile hankali.
Ci gaba da ƙaurawar vertebral na iya haifar da lumbar stenosis: tsarin jiki na kashin baya ya lalace kuma ya girma, wanda a hankali yana haifar da matsawa na jijiyoyi da jini a cikin canal na kashin baya. Alamomi:
- zafi na yau da kullun (duka a hutawa da motsi),
- a wasu lokuta, zafi na iya raguwa a cikin matsayi na baya,
- tari da atishawa ba sa tsanantawa.
- yanayin ciwon daga ja zuwa karfi sosai,
- rashin aiki na gabobin pelvic.
Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura, matsawa na arteries na iya faruwa, sakamakon abin da jinin da ke cikin kashin baya ya damu. Ana nuna wannan ta hanyar rauni mai kaifi a cikin kafafu, mutum zai iya fada.
Bincike
Tarin koke-kokeyana taimaka wa likita ya yi zargin abubuwan da za su iya haifar da cutar, don sanin yanayin yanayin zafi.
Ƙimar Ƙarfin Ciwo- mataki mai mahimmanci na ganewar asali, yana ba ku damar zaɓar magani da kimanta tasirin sa akan lokaci. A aikace, ana amfani da Siffar Analogue na gani (VAS), wanda ya dace da mai haƙuri da likita. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri yana kimanta tsananin zafi akan sikelin daga 0 zuwa 10, inda maki 0 ba shi da zafi, kuma maki 10 shine mafi munin zafi da mutum zai iya tunanin.
Hirayana ba ka damar gano abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwo da lalata tsarin tsarin jiki na kashin baya, don gano motsi da matsayi wanda ke haifar da, ƙarfafawa da kuma rage zafi.
Gwajin jiki:kima na kasancewar spasm na tsokoki na baya, ƙaddarar ci gaban kwarangwal na muscular, ban da kasancewar alamun kamuwa da cuta.
Ƙimar halin jijiya:Ƙarfin tsoka da daidaitawarsa, reflexes, azanci.
Gwajin Maris:da za'ayi a lokuta da ake zargin lumbar stenosis.
Muhimmanci!Marasa lafiya ba tare da "tutocin ja" tare da hoton asibiti na gargajiya ba a ba da shawarar yin ƙarin karatu ba.
Radiyo:da za'ayi tare da aikin gwaje-gwaje don zargin rashin zaman lafiya da Tsarin na kashin baya. Koyaya, wannan hanyar gano cutar ba ta da cikakken bayani kuma ana yin ta ne da ƙarancin albarkatun kuɗi.
Na'urar daukar hoto (CT) da/ko hoton maganadisu (MRI):likita zai rubuta bisa ga bayanan asibiti, saboda waɗannan hanyoyin suna da alamomi da amfani daban-daban.
CT |
MRI |
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Muhimmanci!A yawancin mutane, idan babu gunaguni, ana gano canje-canje na lalacewa a cikin kashin baya bisa ga hanyoyin gwajin kayan aiki.
densitometry na kashi:da aka yi don tantance yawan ƙasusuwa (tabbatarwa ko keɓewar osteoporosis). Ana ba da shawarar wannan binciken ga matan da suka yi jima'i tare da babban haɗari na karaya kuma ko da yaushe suna da shekaru 65, ba tare da la'akari da haɗari ba, maza fiye da 70, marasa lafiya tare da raguwa tare da ƙananan tarihin rauni, dogon lokaci na amfani da glucocorticosteroids. Ana kimanta haɗarin karaya na shekaru 10 ta amfani da sikelin FRAX.
Scintigraphy na kashi, PET-CT:da za'ayi a gaban zato na oncological cuta bisa ga sauran hanyoyin bincike.
maganin ciwon baya
- Ana rubuta magungunan kashe radadi a cikin wani kwas, musamman daga rukunin magungunan da ba steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs). An zaɓi takamaiman magani da sashi dangane da tsananin zafi;
- kiyaye matsakaicin aiki na jiki, motsa jiki na musamman don rage zafi;
Muhimmanci!Rashin aiki na jiki tare da ciwon baya yana ƙara ciwo, yana tsawaita tsawon lokacin bayyanar cututtuka, kuma yana ƙara yiwuwar ciwo mai tsanani.
- tsoka relaxants don tsoka spasm;
- yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da bitamin, duk da haka, tasirin su bisa ga binciken daban-daban ya kasance ba a sani ba;
- maganin hannu;
- nazarin salon rayuwa da kawar da abubuwan haɗari.
- amfani da magungunan kashe zafi akan buƙata;
- motsa jiki na musamman;
- kima na yanayin tunanin mutum, kamar yadda zai iya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen ci gaba da ciwo mai tsanani, da kuma ilimin halin mutum;
- kwayoyi daga rukuni na magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta ko magungunan cututtuka don maganin ciwo mai tsanani;
- maganin hannu;
- nazarin salon rayuwa da kawar da abubuwan haɗari.
A cikin ciwon radicular, ana amfani da blockades (alurar rigakafi) ko tubalan cikin ciki.
Ana nuna jiyya na tiyata tare da saurin haɓakar alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kasancewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, tare da mahimmancin stenosis na canal na kashin baya, da rashin tasiri na ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ana gudanar da aikin tiyata na gaggawa a gaban: cututtuka na pelvic tare da raguwa a cikin yanki na anogenital da hawan rauni na ƙafafu (cauda equina syndrome).
Gyaran jiki
Ya kamata a fara gyarawa da wuri-wuri kuma a sami manufofi masu zuwa:
- inganta ingancin rayuwa;
- kawar da ciwo, kuma idan ba zai yiwu a kawar da shi gaba daya ba - taimako;
- maido da aiki;
- gyarawa;
- aikin kai da horar da tuki lafiya.
Ka'idoji na asali na gyarawa:
- dole ne mai haƙuri ya ji alhakin kansa game da lafiyarsa da bin shawarwarin, duk da haka, likita dole ne ya zaɓi hanyoyin magani da gyaran da mai haƙuri zai iya bi;
- horo na tsari da bin ka'idodin aminci lokacin yin motsa jiki;
- ciwo ba shine cikas ga motsa jiki ba;
- dole ne a kafa dangantaka ta aminci tsakanin majiyyaci da likita;
- mai haƙuri bai kamata ya mayar da hankali ba kuma ya mayar da hankali kan dalilin ciwo a cikin tsarin canje-canje a cikin kashin baya;
- mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ji dadi da aminci lokacin yin motsi;
- mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ji tasiri mai kyau na farfadowa akan yanayinsa;
- mai haƙuri yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙwarewar amsawar jin zafi;
- mai haƙuri ya kamata ya haɗa motsi tare da tunani mai kyau.
Hanyoyin gyarawa:
- Tafiya;
- Ayyukan motsa jiki, gymnastics, shirye-shiryen gymnastics a wurin aiki;
- Na'urorin orthopedic guda ɗaya;
- Maganin Halayen Fahimi;
- Ilimin haƙuri:
- Ka guji yawan motsa jiki;
- Yin gwagwarmaya da ƙananan aikin jiki;
- Ware kayan da aka dade a tsaye (tsaye, kasancewa a cikin matsayi mara kyau, da sauransu);
- Kauce wa hypothermia;
- Ƙungiyar barci.
Rigakafi
Mafi kyawun aikin jiki: yana ƙarfafa firam ɗin tsoka, yana hana haɓakar kashi, inganta yanayi kuma yana rage haɗarin haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. Mafi kyawun aikin jiki shine tafiya fiye da mintuna 90 a mako (aƙalla mintuna 30 a lokaci ɗaya, kwana 3 a mako).
Tare da aikin zama mai tsawo, wajibi ne a dauki hutu don dumi kowane minti 15-20 kuma bi ka'idodin zama.
Hack rayuwa:yadda ake zama
- kauce wa kayan daki da yawa;
- kafafu ya kamata su huta a ƙasa, wanda aka samu ta wurin tsayin kujera daidai da tsawon ƙananan ƙafar ƙafa;
- wajibi ne a zauna a zurfin har zuwa 2/3 na tsawon kwatangwalo;
- zauna a mike, kula da yanayin da ya dace, baya ya kamata ya yi daidai da bayan kujera don guje wa takura tsokoki na baya;
- kai lokacin karanta littafi ko aiki a kwamfuta ya kamata ya kasance yana da matsayi na ilimin lissafi (duba gaba, kuma ba koyaushe ƙasa ba). Don yin wannan, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tashoshi na musamman kuma shigar da na'ura mai kula da kwamfuta a mafi kyawun tsayi.
Tare da tsawaita aiki mai tsayi, wajibi ne don canza matsayi kowane minti 10-15, canza canjin kafa mai goyan baya, kuma, idan zai yiwu, tafiya a wurin kuma motsawa.
Ka guji kwanciya mai tsawo.
Hack rayuwa:yadda ake barci
- barci mafi alhẽri a kan wani rabin m surface. Idan za ta yiwu, za ka iya zaɓar katifa na orthopedic domin kashin baya ya kula da lankwasa na ilimin lissafi;
- matashin kai ya kamata ya zama mai laushi sosai kuma yana da matsakaicin tsayi don kauce wa damuwa a wuyansa;
- lokacin barci a cikin matsayi mai sauƙi, ana bada shawarar sanya ƙaramin matashin kai a ƙarƙashin ciki.
Kashe shan taba: Idan kuna da wahala, ga likitan ku wanda zai tura ku zuwa shirin daina shan taba.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ina amfani da man shafawa tare da glucocorticosteroids. Shin ina cikin haɗarin osteochondrosis ko osteoporosis?
A'a. Glucocorticosteroids na waje (maganin shafawa, creams, gels) ba sa shiga cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin wurare dabam dabam na tsarin, sabili da haka kada ku ƙara haɗarin haɓaka waɗannan cututtukan.
A cikin kowane hali na diski na herniated, tiyata ya zama dole?
A'a. Ana yin aikin tiyata ne kawai idan an nuna. A matsakaici, kawai 10-15% na marasa lafiya suna buƙatar tiyata.
Ya kamata ku daina motsa jiki idan kuna da ciwon baya?
A'a. Idan, a sakamakon ƙarin hanyoyin bincike, likita bai sami wani abu da zai iya iyakance girman nauyin nauyi a kan kashin baya ba, to yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da wasa wasanni, amma bayan da aka gudanar da magani da kuma ƙara wasu motsa jiki daga tsarin motsa jiki na motsa jiki da kuma yin iyo.
Shin ciwon baya zai iya tafiya har abada idan ina da diski mai herniated?
Za su iya bayan wani hanya na m ra'ayin mazan jiya far, batun kara aiwatar da shawarwarin da halartar neurologist, yarda da dokokin rigakafin, na yau da kullum motsa jiki far da kuma iyo.